2000PSY Mid-Trimester Exam Revision Questions and Answers

2000PSY Mid-Trimester Exam Revision Questions and Answers 1.What are the 5 steps in the Scientific Method?

a.Step 1: Use theory and research findings to form a hypothesis

b.Form and state a hypothesis c.Design a study to test that hypothesis and collect the data d.Analyse the data e.Make an inference and form a conclusion 2.A good theory will have which 3 qualities?a.A good theory should be testable b.A good theory should enable prediction c.A good theory should account for most of the data collected 2.What is a hypothesis?a.A hypothesis is a statement derived from theory that specifies the relationship between specific concepts. The purpose of a hypothesis is to state the intended or predicted relationship between variables. It is a testable prediction of a scientific theory.

4.The null hypothesis predicts no difference, whereas the alternative hypothesis predicts a difference. We always test the null hypothesis.

5.What is the main difference between qualitative and quantitative research?a.The data collected in qualitative research is in form of text (i.e., interviews, notes, videos), whereas the data collected in quantitative research is in the form of numbers.

6.In an experiment we do randomly allocated participants to levels of the IV, whereas in a quasi-experiment we do not.

7.A well-designed true experiment can claim cause and effect, whereas quasi- experiments and correlation studies cannot.

8.Are experiments better than correlational studies?a.Experiments can establish cause-and-effect but sometimes we cannot manipulate the independent variable of interest (for e.g. Experience of trauma, parenting style, or gender). Observational and correlational studies can allow the investigation of some very important psychological questions that do not require cause-and-effect conclusions and are not possible to investigate experimentally. Observational and correlational studies can also often have better external validity (more real-world relevance or applicability).

2.What is a critical region?a.The critical region is a range of scores that are very unlikely to be obtained if the null hypothesis is true (the null hypothesis predicts that here will be no difference or no change).

10.A type 1 error occurs when we find a false effect, whereas a Type 2 error occurs when we fail to find a true effect.

11.What are two defining features of an experimental design that distinguish experimental research from other types of research?a.Manipulation - one variable is manipulated (the independent variable) by the experimenter.b.Control - the experimenter must control the research situation so that the only thing that is different between the two groups is the manipulation itself. Participant variables must not systematically differ from one treatment group to another.

12.Provide an example of a quasi-experimental study design: This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 06-23-2021 15:18:20 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/70543957/2000PSY-Mid-Trimester-Exam-Revision-Questions-and-Answersdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com

a.Comparing self-esteem in adults who either were, or were not, abused as a child. Here, the quasi-independent variable (whether or not the adult experienced abuse as a child) is not manipulated by the researcher.The dependent variable is self-esteem in adults.

2.Correlational study designs allow us to determine a naturally existing association between two variables. Experimental study designs allow us to determine a cause- and-effect relationship between variables.

3.A between-subjects design measures two separate groups of individuals on an outcome variable of interest, whereas a within-subjects design measures a single group of individuals at two time points or under two conditions on an outcome variable of interest.

4.What is an independent variable?a.The independent variable is the variable manipulated by the researcher - the predictor variable the produces the outcome.

2.What is a dependent variable?a.The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed to assess the effects of the manipulation of the independent variable - the outcome variable that is affected by the predictor variable.

2.An independent variable is the casual variable, whereas the dependent variable is the effect variable. This study source was downloaded by 100000796615030 from CourseHero.com on 06-23-2021 15:18:20 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/70543957/2000PSY-Mid-Trimester-Exam-Revision-Questions-and-Answersdocx/ This study resource was shared via CourseHero.com