An endoscopic examination of the entire colon uses a

Colonoscopy •An endoscopic examination of the entire colon uses a colonoscope inserted into the rectum.

•Preparation is similar to that for barium enema: clear liquids

the day before and then some form of bowel cleanser such as GoLytely. Enemas until clear are also common.•Light sedation is required Flexible Sigmoidoscopy •An examination of the interior of the sigmoid colon with a flexible or rigid lighted tube.•Preparation is similar to that for a barium enema or colonoscopy.•Light sedation is required

Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan:

•Painless, noninvasive x-ray procedure •Distinguishes minor differences in the density of tissues •Produces a three-dimensional image of organ or structure •More sensitive than the x-ray machine Positron emission tomography (PET Scan) •Involves the injection or inhalation of a radioisotope •Images created as the radioisotope distributed in the body •Allows study of various aspects of organ function •May include evaluation of blood flow and tumor growth

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):

•Noninvasive diagnostic scanning technique is placed in a magnetic field •Clients with implanted devices (e.g. pacemaker, metal hip prosthesis) cannot undergo MRI because of strong magnetic field •No exposure to radiation •Client must lie very still •2 way communication system for monitoring & relieve feelings of claustrophobia •Earplugs maybe used for the loud noises that occur during the test •Procedure lasts 60-90 minutes •Provides a better contrast between normal and abnormal tissue than the CT scan Liver Biopsy •Before the procedure –Prepare the client •During the procedure –Assist and monitor the client –Place a small dressing over the site of puncture •After the procedure –Monitor the client –Document all relevant information –Transport specimens to the laboratory •Aspiration of liver tissue •Client exhales and stops breathing during insertion of the biopsy needle •Prothrombin Time (PT) and platelet (PLT) are obtained before procedure to assess for blood clotting defects which would be contraindicated for liver biopsy •Insertion site in the ICS between 2 of the right lower ribs After the procedure, pressure is applied to site and client positioned on the biopsy site to prevent Things to Remember •All invasive tests requiring injection of a medium require a consent •Tests requiring premedication or sedation usually require a consent •Many tests have some form of preparation; review the laboratory manual for your facility to determine what must be done before and after the patient has had the test •Patient should be accompanied to the hospital and will not be able to drive immediately after the procedure.•Some patients are allergic to contrast media, dyes, and testing material; always check for allergies.•Never leave a patient under anesthesia or sedatives unattended.Bone Marrow Biopsy •Before the procedure –Prepare the client •During the procedure –Monitor and support the client –Place a small dressing over the site of puncture –Assist with preparing specimens as needed •After the procedure –Monitor the client –Document all relevant information –Transport specimens to the laboratory •Removal of a specimen of bone marrow for laboratory study •Detection of diseases (e.g. pernicious anemia, leukemia) •Client lying prone or side-lying (for about 4-

• hours)

•Usually 1-2 ml of marrow is obtained This study source was downloaded by 100000803371112 from CourseHero.com on 06-29-2021 15:40:05 GMT -05:00

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