BIO 1020 Biology I COMPLETED EXAM

• What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
• DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded.
• DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil.
• DNA is found in the nucleus and RNA is found in the cytoplasm.
• All of the above.
• Answer: D. All of the statements are true. DNA and RNA are both nucleic acids that store genetic

information, but they have different structures and functions.

• What are the four types of tissues in the human body?
• Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
• Epidermal, cartilage, skeletal, and neural.
• Endothelial, collagen, cardiac, and glial.
• None of the above.
• Answer: A. Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces and lines the cavities and organs.

Connective tissue supports and binds other tissues. Muscle tissue contracts and produces movement. Nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses and coordinates activities.

• What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
• They increase the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy.
• They decrease the rate of reactions by raising the activation energy.
• They change the direction of reactions by altering the equilibrium constant.
• They change the products of reactions by modifying the substrate molecules.
• Answer: A. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation

energy, which is the amount of energy needed to start a reaction. Enzymes do not change the direction or the products of reactions.

• What are the three stages of cellular respiration and where do they occur in the cell?
• Glycolysis in the cytoplasm, Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, and electron transport chain in

the plasma membrane.

• Glycolysis in the cytoplasm, Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, and electron transport chain in

the inner mitochondrial membrane.

• Glycolysis in the mitochondria, Krebs cycle in the cytoplasm, and electron transport chain in

the inner mitochondrial membrane.

• Glycolysis in the mitochondria, Krebs cycle in the cytoplasm, and electron transport chain in

the plasma membrane.

• Answer: B. Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose and other organic

molecules to produce ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell. Glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm. Krebs cycle converts pyruvate into carbon dioxide and generates NADH and FADH2 in the mitochondria. Electron transport chain uses NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane and generate ATP.

• What are the two types of immunity and how are they different?
• Innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is present at birth and provides

general protection against pathogens. Adaptive immunity is acquired after exposure to specific antigens and provides specific protection against pathogens.

• Active immunity and passive immunity. Active immunity is acquired after exposure to

specific antigens and produces memory cells that can mount a faster response upon re-exposure.Passive immunity is acquired by receiving antibodies from another source and provides temporary protection against pathogens.

• Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. Humoral immunity involves B cells that

produce antibodies that bind to antigens and neutralize them or mark them for destruction. Cell- mediated immunity involves T cells that directly kill infected cells or activate other immune cells.

• All of the above.
• Answer: D. All of the statements are true. Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist

infection by pathogens. There are two main types of immunity: innate and adaptive. Within adaptive immunity, there are two subtypes: active and passive. Within active immunity, there are

two branches: humoral and cell-mediated.

Which of the following is NOT a domain?• A. Archaea • B. Eukarya • C. Plantae • D. Bacteria

• Plantae

➢ A binomial name indicates? a. the domain of the organism b. the genius and species c. the kingdom d. the age of the organism.The genius and the species

➢ A hypothesis cannot be formed without which of the following?

• A. Experimentation • B. Observation • C. Data • D. Theory

• Observation

➢ Information collected from a scientific experiment is known as...Data

➢ Placebos are often used which of the following?• A. Data Analysis • B. Control Groups • C. Test Groups • D. Model Organisms

• Control groups

➢ is the application of scientific investigations for the benefit of humans.Technology