COMPLETED EXAM w - between brain cells? a) Neurotransmitters b) Ho...

PSYC 4002

Brain and Behavior

COMPLETED EXAM w/

RATIONALES

2024

• Which of the following is responsible for transferring information

between brain cells?

a) Neurotransmitters

b) Hormones

c) Axons

d) Dendrites

Answer: c) Axons

Rationale: Axons are long, slender projections of nerve cells that transmit

information between neurons, allowing for communication and coordination within the brain.

• Which part of the brain is involved in regulating basic survival

functions such as breathing and heart rate?

a) Cerebellum

b) Hypothalamus

c) Occipital lobe

d) Frontal lobe

Answer: b) Hypothalamus

Rationale: The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in maintaining vital

bodily functions and homeostasis, such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep.

• Which neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of pleasure and

reward?

a) Serotonin

b) Norepinephrine

c) Dopamine

d) GABA

Answer: c) Dopamine

Rationale: Dopamine is involved in regulating movement, motivation, and

reinforcement. It plays a key role in the brain's reward system, contributing to experiences of pleasure and reinforcement.

• Damage to the hippocampus is most likely to affect which cognitive

function?

a) Memory formation

b) Language processing

c) Motor coordination

d) Decision-making

Answer: a) Memory formation

Rationale: The hippocampus is vital for the formation of new memories

and spatial navigation. Damage to this region often results in memory impairment.

• Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual

information?

a) Amygdala

b) Temporal lobe

c) Parietal lobe

d) Occipital lobe

Answer: d) Occipital lobe

Rationale: The occipital lobe is dedicated to processing visual information

received from the eyes. It helps in recognizing and interpreting visual stimuli.

• Which of the following brainwave patterns is consistently associated

with deep sleep?

a) Alpha waves

b) Beta waves

c) Theta waves

d) Delta waves

Answer: d) Delta waves

Rationale: Delta waves are slow brainwave patterns associated with deep

sleep. They indicate the lowest level of neuronal activity in the brain during sleep.

• The prefrontal cortex, located in the frontal lobe, is mainly responsible

for which cognitive function?

a) Motor control

b) Emotional regulation

c) Decision-making and planning

d) Sensory perception

Answer: c) Decision-making and planning

Rationale: The prefrontal cortex plays a key role in executive functions,

such as decision-making, planning, problem-solving, and impulse control.

• Which gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls the

release of hormones from other glands in the body?

a) Adrenal gland

b) Pineal gland

c) Thyroid gland

d) Pituitary gland

Answer: d) Pituitary gland

Rationale: The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control and regulate

many other endocrine glands in the body. It plays a vital role in maintaining overall hormonal balance.

• Which of the following brain structures is responsible for regulating and

controlling emotions, including fear and aggression?

a) Amygdala

b) Thalamus

c) Cerebellum

d) Medulla oblongata

Answer: a) Amygdala

Rationale: The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped brain structure that is

crucial for processing emotions and the initiation of emotional responses, including fear and aggression.

• Parkinson's disease is associated with the degeneration of neurons that

produce which neurotransmitter?

a) Dopamine

b) Serotonin

c) Acetylcholine