EXPERIENCE COLLEGE BEFORE COLLEGE

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EXPERIENCE COLLEGE BEFORE COLLEGE

HIS 315K UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE

Colonial Times

HOW TO USE THE STUDY GUIDE

This study guide is designed to help guide your learning for this unit. Use this structure to generate and organize terms, ideas, questions, and your own key insights from each lesson.

As you read, discover, and learn from your course materials, you should continue to add information and evidence from each lesson, and to record your responses to each unit question. By the end of the unit, the work you do in this guide will become a thorough review sheet that you can use to develop strong and well-supported exam essays.

PART 1: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

Before you start your reading for this unit, take a look at the following questions. These questions are important, because they are the broad questions that summarize each day’s lesson. As you read, try to identify information and evidence that can help you answer each question. When you find key passages, note the page numbers and sources, so that you can access this information easily later for studying and assessments.

Questions Citation Directions: Preview these questions before reading. Directions: Note page numbers and sources from your readings or the Crash Course videos.Which are the most dominant colonies—and why? How do the colonies compare to one another?

How was slavery in colonial America connected to culture, economy, and social class/race?By 1650, slavery would be passed down from parent to child. held enslaved people as workers /need for labor, especially for the labor-intensive plantation economies

How did the creation of representative democracy in colonial America contribute to the institutionalization of slavery?Every English colony practiced slavery, building an empire-wide system of white racial dominance and African oppression. Slavery was more than a labor system; it also influenced every aspect of colonial thought and culture. The uneven relationship it engendered gave white colonists an exaggerated sense of their own status. English liberty gained greater meaning and coherence for white people when they contrasted their status to that of the unfree class of enslaved black people in British America.African slavery provided white colonists with a shared racial bond and identity.

Religion played a central role in the settlers of New England, specifically the Puritans.How did the belief in covenant help the Puritans to face the adversity of establishing a colony?The Puritans generally were very strict in their religious observance. When the Puritans established their colonies, there was very little separation between the Puritan church and the local government. There were beliefs in some of the colonies that the leaders got their power directly from God.

Exploring the past requires investigations into multiple perspectives and connecting causes to effects. Why were twenty people executed in Salem during this time period

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EXPERIENCE COLLEGE BEFORE COLLEGE

and what does this reveal about our society?killed as a result of the hysteria that took place in the New England village of Salem where fear of demonic possession struck panic among the Puritans and led to more than 200 accusations against anyone suspected of witchcraft. the appalling tragedies that took place in 1692, including the false imprisonment and murder of innocents, led to innocent until proven guilty.We often think of a representative government, well, representing everyone. What groups had representation in colonial America? What conflicts were created and how did different groups react to social and economic interactions?

What are the elements of culture and how can historians use culture to analyze the past?

Religion is a central component of the culture of the United States throughout history.Protestantism was not a monolithic structure in colonial America. How did “new” religions challenge the “old” practices and form new cultural shifts in colonial America?the Great Awakening affected the colonies by changing many people's attitudes towards religion. The Great Awakening notably altered the religious climate in the American colonies. Ordinary people were encouraged to make a personal connection with God, instead of relying on a minister. Newer denominations, such as Methodists and Baptists, grew quickly.

Oftentimes history is distilled to big events that receive most of the attention. How is history more of a collection of complex interactions? How did the colonies interact to form collectives that competed and supported each other? How do external situations like the Seven Years’ War influence these interactions and lead to further conflicts?

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PART 2: INTRODUCTORY TERMS AND IDEAS

To prepare for the beginning of the unit quiz, read and watch all assigned material in Lesson 1. Write the definition, time period and/or date, and historical significance of each term in the space provided, and connect each term to a course Big Idea (American Identities, Reform and Renewal, Self and Society, Labor and Technology, America in the World). The time period and dates will help you to construct historical chronologies in Part 4 of this guide.Terms Time Period Date(s) Definition and Significance Course Big Idea 1689 Toleration Act 1689 Act that was passed in Maryland that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, granting freedom of worship to Nonconformists (i.e., dissenting Protestants such as Baptists and Congregationalists).Though it did not sanction much tolerance, the act was the first seed that would sprout into the first amendment, granting religious freedom to all.

Albany Plan of Union 1754 a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin, then a senior leader (age 48) and a delegate from Pennsylvania, at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York.

American Enlightenment 1700-1800 period of intellectual ferment in the thirteen American colonies in the 17th to 18th century, which led to the American Revolution, and the creation of the United States of America.

Anne Hutchinson 1637 and 1638 defendant in the most famous of the trials intended to squelch religious dissent in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Banished from Boston in 1637 for her religious and feminist beliefs and fled to the Rhode Island Colony.

Bacon's Rebellion 1676 Nathaniel Bacon was angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

City on a Hill 1630 refers to a community that others will look up to.John Winthrop used this phrase to describe the Massachusetts Bay colony, which he believed would become a shining example of Puritan perfection.

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Terms Time Period Date(s) Definition and Significance Course Big Idea Cotton Mather 1663-1728 Puritan clergyman, historian, and pioneering student of science, was an indefatigable man of letters. Of the third generation of a New England founding family, he is popularly associated with the Salem witchcraft trials.

George Whitefield 1714-1770 a preacher and public figure who led many revival meetings in the American colonies. He became a religious icon who spread a message of personal salvation and a more democratic Christianity.together with John Wesley and Charles Wesley, founded the Methodist movement.

Great Awakening 1730s A revival of Puritan religion after colonists lose doctrine and get too comfortable in their new lives.It brought forth a new style of preaching that "old lights" (orthodox clergy) didn't like. Created new denominations and encouraged higher learning.

Indentured Servitude 1670's Poor workers, convicted criminals, and debtors received immigration passage and fees in return for # of years at labor on behalf of planter or company; Servants entered into contracts voluntarily and kept some legal rights; servants had little control over conditions of work and living arrangements; system led to harsh and brutal treatment; remained predominant system of labor until 1670's;

Jamestown 1607 first permanent English settlement; The settlement thrived for nearly 100 years as the capital of the Virginia colony; John Smith's harsh leadership of colony helped keep from collapsing; African slaves arrived at Jamestown, became first group of slaves to reach British settlement

John Locke 1632—1704 most influential political philosophers of the modern period. he defended the claim that men are by nature free and equal against claims that God had made all people naturally subject to a monarch.believed if life, liberty and property were not protected, governments could be overthrown justly

John Winthrop 1588-1649 first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.Winthrop was one of the best educated of the Puritan colonists, had great leadership skills and wisdom, and was known for being very religious.

Terms Time Period Definition and Significance Course