EXS-305 Motor Program Based Theory in Human Movement

EXS-305 Motor Program Based Theory in Human Movement

2 Introduction According to motor program-based theory, the nervous system coordinates movement components differ depending on the relative significance of movement commands supplied by the central nervous system (CNS). On the other hand, sensation-motor integration refers to the connection between the nerves (sensory system) and the muscles (motor abilities) and to the process of obtaining information through our senses, processing it, and putting it into appropriate organizational structures. Riding a bicycle, walking, surfing, jumping, jogging, and weightlifting are examples of motor abilities that demand voluntary control over movements of joints and body segments to attain a goal. Motor learning and control, or skill acquisition, is the term used by movement scientists to describe the process of acquiring and performing these skills. Human movement is vast, from the most basic reflexive to the most complicated, dexterous voluntary tasks. The control of movement in humans is the subject of this paper. First, the sensory inputs that are most closely linked to movement control are examined, emphasizing somatosensory receptors. The big muscle receptors' response characteristics are investigated in depth.Literature Review According to Morris et al. (1994), the motor program theory provides physical therapists with a theoretical framework for understanding how the brain controls movement. Motor programs are assumed to be analogous to computer programs, which specify the operations of computer hardware. They provide directives for muscles, allowing motions to occur without the need for continual peripheral feedback. A survey of the physical therapy literature revealed that motor program theory had been applied as a theoretical framework for clinical practice in numerous instances. Nonetheless, even though the significant contribution programming theory 

3 has made to the growth of movement science, the motor program construct is today under significant threat of destruction. Given the difficulties associated with program storage, motor equivalence, movement flexibility, and context-conditioned variability, Keele's (1968) initial description no longer appears to be valid today. When it is discovered that researchers from different fields define the motor program in a variety of ways, it makes evaluating the efficacy of the model more challenging. When programming theory and its application in physical therapy are examined critically, it is suggested that clinical practitioners rethink the utility of the motor program model as a foundation for movement rehabilitation following brain damage and musculoskeletal problems.`Koziol et al. (2011) investigate conditions referred to as sensory integration disorder, sensory processing disorder, and sensory modulation disorder (SID/SPD/SMD) in numerous publications and publications. As a result of the absence of publicly available and consistently agreed-upon operational definitions for these illnesses, there has been a misunderstanding about how these disorders should be conceived. Every movement, from involuntary twitches to goal-directed activities, in everybody area from head to toe, is considered motor behavior in every physical and social environment, from solitary play to group interactions. A body-environment system is closely linked to movements. Perception, cognition, and social interaction are all built on the foundation of motor activities. Movements produce perceptual information, enable the acquisition of knowledge about the world, and enable social relationships. A body-environment system is closely linked to movements.

4 Discussion It is one of the most important concepts in motor control to understand that an open-loop process controls (at least some) movements with a centrally "stored" structure (motor program) that is responsible for the grading, timing, and coordination of muscular activities that are required for skilled movement behavior. The concept of a motor program has taken on many different shapes, and it is difficult to categorize the diverse ideas that fall under this umbrella term. There are, however, a few characteristics that can be used to characterize these types of concepts quite effectively. Evidence for motor programs can be found in three different lines of evidence.The application of motor program-based theory to a specific human behavior situation Maintaining an upright stance requires "posture control," a critical and basic requisite in daily living (Wallmann, 2009). The sensory and central nervous systems (CNS) are required for proper posture control and the human body to operate properly against gravity and environmental influences (Runge et al., 1999). To govern posture-regulating muscles throughout the body, especially in the lower limbs and trunk, visual and vestibular inputs, as well as proprioceptive and tactile somatosensory inputs, are required (Horak, 2006). As a result, the CNS must govern several muscles at the same time based on multisensory signals. Despite researchers' best attempts, the mechanism by which this regulation happens remains unknown due to the complexity of the CNS.Alterations in multisensory inputs cause immediate posture changes in response to the sensory information. When the brain predicts sensory inputs and corrects the body's motion depending on the difference between the predicted and real sensory inputs, this is referred to as rapid dynamics