HESI PN ONLINE PATIENTS MODULE 1 EXAM

Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.

HESI PN ONLINE PATIENTS MODULE 1 EXAM

Questions

• A nurse is providing information to a group of pregnant clients and their partners about the

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psychosocial development of an infant. Using Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the nurse tells the group that infants have which developmental need?

• Need to rely on the fact that their needs will be met CCoorrrreecctt

Rationale: According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, infants struggle to establish a sense of basic trust rather than a sense of basic mistrust in their world, their caregivers, and themselves. If provided with consistent satisfying experiences that are delivered in a timely manner, infants come to rely on the fact that their needs are met and that, in turn, they will be able to tolerate some degree of frustration and discomfort until those needs are met.This sense of confidence is an early form of trust and provides the foundation for a healthy personality. Therefore the other options are incorrect.

Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the option that contains the closed-ended word “must.” Eliminate the comparable or alike options and indicate that experiencing frustration is necessary. Review Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development as it relates to the infant if you had difficulty with this question.

Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Integrated Process: Teaching and Learning

Content Area: Developmental Stages

• Must have needs ignored for short periods to develop a healthy personality
• Need to tolerate a great deal of frustration and discomfort to develop a healthy personality
• Need to experience frustration, so it is best to allow an infant to cry for a while before meeting his or

her needs

Rationale: Infants usually double their birth weight by 6 months and triple it by 1 year of age. If the infant is 6 lb 8 oz, at birth, a weight of 13 lb at 6 months of age is to be expected. Semisolid foods are usually introduced between 4 and 6 months of age.

Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and focus on the data in the question.Recalling that infants double their weight by 6 months of age will direct you to the correct option.Review the growth rate of an infant if you had difficulty with this question.

Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation

Content Area: Developmental Stages

Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.

• A nurse is weighing a breastfed 6-month-old infant who has been brought to the pediatrician’s ID: 18630149711

office for a scheduled visit. The infant’s weight at birth was 6 lb 8 oz. The nurse notes that the infant now weighs 13 lb. The nurse should take which action?

A.Tell the mother that the infant’s weight is increasing as expected.CCoorrrreecctt

• Tell the mother to decrease the daily number of feedings because the weight gain is excessive.

C.Tell the mother that semisolid foods should not be introduced until the infant’s weight stabilizes.

• Tell the mother that the infant should be switched from breast milk to formula because the weight

gain is inadequate.

• The nurse is assisting with data collection on a well-baby examination. The nurse measures ID: 18630148973

the head circumference, and it is the same as the chest circumference. On the basis of this measurement, the nurse should take which action?

• Report the presence of hydrocephalus to the health care provider.
• Suggest to the health care provider that a skull x-ray be performed.

C.Tell the mother that the infant is growing faster than expected.

D.Document these measurements in the infant’s health care record.CCoorrrreecctt

Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.Rationale: Transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies supplements the infant’s weak response to infection until approximately 3 to 4 months of age. Although the infant begins to produce immunoglobulin (Ig) soon after birth, by 1 year of age, the infant has only approximately 60% of the adult IgG level, 75% of the adult IgM level, and 20% of the adult IgA level. Breast milk transmits additional IgA protection. The activity of T lymphocytes also increases after birth.Even though the immune system matures during infancy, maximal protection against infection is not achieved until early childhood. This immaturity places the infant at risk for infection.

Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the option containing the closed- ended word "all." Recalling that breastfeeding alone does not protect the infant from infection will assist you in eliminating the option that suggests breastfeeding protects the infant. From the remaining options, use the strategy of selecting the umbrella option to answer correctly. Review the physiological concepts related to the maturity of body systems in an infant if you had difficulty with this question.

• A new mother asks the nurse, “I was told that my infant received my antibodies during ID: 18630148365

pregnancy. Does that mean that my infant is protected against infections?” Which statement should the nurse make in response to the mother?

A.“Yes, your infant is protected from all infections.”

• "If you breastfeed, your infant is protected from infection."
• "The transfer of your antibodies protects your infant until the infant is 12 months old."
• "The immune system of an infant is immature, and the infant is at risk for infection." CCoorrrreecctt

Rationale: The head circumference growth rate during the first year is approximately 0.4 inch (1 cm) per month. By 10 to 12 months of age, the infant’s head and chest circumferences are equal. Therefore, suspecting the presence of hydrocephalus, telling the mother that the infant is growing faster than expected, and suggesting that a skull x-ray be performed are incorrect.Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination. Eliminate the comparable or alike options that indicate that the infant has a physiological problem. Review the expected growth rate of an infant if you had difficulty with this question.

Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection

Content Area: Developmental Stages

Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.

• A nurse is assisting with data collection on the language development of a 9-month-old infant.

Which developmental milestone does the nurse expect to note in an infant of this age?

• The infant babbles.
• The infant says "Mama." CCoorrrreecctt

• The infant smiles and coos.
• The infant babbles single consonants.

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Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.

Level of Cognitive Ability: Applying

Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Implementation

Content Area: Developmental Stages

Rationale: An 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and consonants together. The first words, such as "Mama," "Daddy," "bye-bye," and "baby," begin to have meaning. A 1- to 3- month-old infant produces cooing sounds. Babbling is common in a 3- to 4-month-old. Single- consonant babbling occurs between 6 and 8 months of age.

Test-Taking Strategy: Use the process of elimination and focus on the subject, the developmental milestone of a 9-month-old. Recalling the language development that occurs during infancy will direct you to the correct option. Remember that an 8- to 9-month-old infant can string vowels and consonants together. Review the developmental milestones related to language development in an infant if you had difficulty with this question.

Level of Cognitive Ability: Understanding

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

Integrated Process: Nursing Process/Data Collection

Content Area: Developmental Stages