NR I566 IMidterm IExam IStudy IGuide

NR I566 IMidterm IExam IStudy IGuide

• General Iprinciples Iof INursing IInformatics • Nursing Iinformatics Ihas Ibeen Itraditionally Idefined Ias Ia Ispecialty Ithat Iintegrates Inursing Iscience, Icomputer Iscience, Iand Iinformation Iscience Ito manage Iand Icommunicate Idata, Iinformation, Iknowledge, Iand Iwisdom Iin Inursing Ipractice.• nursing Iscience Ias Ione Iof Ithe Ibuilding Iblocks Iof Inursing Iinformatics.• the Itraditional Idefinition Iof Inursing Iinformatics Iis Iextended Ito Iinclude Icognitive Iscience.• The IANA’s INursing IInformatics: IScope Iand IStandards Iof IPractice I(2015) Ioffers

Ithe Ifollowing Idefinition Iof INI:

• Nursing Iinformatics I(NI) Iis Ithe Ispecialty Ithat Iintegrates Inursing Iscience

Iwith Imultiple Iinformation Iand Ianalytical Isciences Ito Iidentify, Idefine, Imanage, Iand Icommunicate Idata, Iinformation, Iknowledge Iand Iwisdom Iin Inursing Ipractice. INI Isupports Inurses, Iconsumers, Ipatients, Ithe Iinterprofessional Ihealthcare Iteam, Iand Iall Iother Istakeholders Iin Itheir Idecision-making Iin Iall Iroles Iand Isettings Ito Iachieve Idesired Ioutcomes.IThis Isupport Iis Iaccomplished Ithrough Ithe Iuse Iof Iinformation Istructures, information Iprocesses, Iand Iinformation Itechnology. I(p. I1–2) • According Ito Ithe IANA I(2015), Ifive Itrends Iwill Iinfluence Ithe Ifuture Iof Inursing

Iinformatics:

• Changing Ipractice Iroles Iin Inursing
• Increasing Iinformatics Icompetence Irequirements Ifor Iall Inurses
• Rapidly Ievolving Itechnology
• Regulatory Ichanges Iand Iquality Istandards Ithat Iinclude Ihealthcare

Iconsumers Ias Ipartners Iin Ihealthcare Imodels

• Care Idelivery Imodels Iand Iinnovation I(p. I52)

• Nursing Iinformatics Iroles

• Researcher

▪ Entails Iconducting Iresearch I(especially Idata Imining) Ito Icreate Inew Iinformatics Iand Iclinical Iknowledge. IResearch Imay Irange Ifrom Ibasic Iinformatics Iresearch Ito Ideveloping Iclinical Idecision Isupport Itools Ifor Inurses.

• Educator

▪ The Isuccess Iof Ifailure Iof Ian Iinformatics Isolution Ican Ibe Idirectly Irelated Ito Ieducation Iand Itraining Ithat Iwere Iprovided Ifor Iend Iusers.IOne Iwho Ichooses Ithe Ieducator Irole Idevelops Iand Iimplements Ieducational Imaterials Iand Isessions Iand Iprovides Ieducation Iabout Ithe Isystem Ito Inew Ior Icurrent Iemployees Iduring Ia Isystem Iimplementation Ior Ian Iupgrade.

• Consultant

▪ One Iwho Itakes Ithe Iconsultant Irole Iprovides Iexpert Iadvice, Iopinions, Iand Irecommendations Ibased Ion Ihis Ior Iher Iarea Iof Iexpertise.IFlexibility, Igood Icommunication Iskills, Iexcellent Iinterpersonal Iskills, Iand Iextensive Iclinical Iand Iinformatics Iknowledge Iare Ihighly Idesirable Iskill Isets Ineeded Iby Ithe INI Iconsultant.

• Entrepreneur

▪ Combine Itheir Ipassion, Iskills, Iand Iknowledge Ito Idevelop Imarketable Ibusiness Iideas Iby Ianalyzing Inursing Iinformation Ineeds Iand Ideveloping Iand Imarketing Isolutions.

• Decision Isupport/outcomes Imanager

▪ Uses Itools Ito Imaintain Idata Iintegrity Iand Ireliability. IContributing Ito Ithe Idevelopment Iof Ia Inursing Iknowledge Ibase Iis Iintegral Ifor Ithis Irole

• Clinical Ianalyst/system Ispecialist

▪ One Imay Iwork Iat Ivarying Ilevels Iand Iserve Ias Ia Ilink Ibetween Inursing Iand Iinformation Iservices Iin Ia Ihealthcare Iorganization

• Product Ideveloper

▪ One Imay Iparticipate Iin Ithe Idesign, Iproduction, Iand Imarketing Iof Inew Iinformatics Isolutions. IAn Iunderstanding Iof Ibusiness Iand Inursing Iis Iessential Iin Ithis Irole.

• Researcher

▪ Entails Iconducting Iresearch I(especially Idata Imining) Ito Icreate Inew Iinformatics Iand Iclinical Iknowledge. IResearch Imay Irange Ifrom Ibasic Iinformatics Iresearch Ito Ideveloping Iclinical Idecision Isupport Itools Ifor Inurses

• Advocate/policy Ideveloper

▪ One Imay Iplay Ia Ikey Ipart Iin Iadvocating Ifor Ithe Ipatients Iand Ihealthcare Isystems Iand Ideveloping Ithe Iinfrastructure Iof Ihealth Ipolicy. IPolicy Idevelopment Ion Ia Ilocal, Inational, Iand Iinternational Ilevel Iis Ian Iintegral Ipart Iof Ithe Irole.• Knowledge • Knowledge Iis Ithe Iawareness Iand Iunderstanding Iof Ia Iset Iof Iinformation Iand Iways Ithat Iinformation Ican Ibe Imade Iuseful Ito Isupport Ia Ispecific Itask Ior Iarrive Iat Ia Idecision.• Humans Iacquire Idata Iand Iinformation Iin Ibits Iand Ipieces Iand Ithen Itransform Ithe Iinformation Iinto Iknowledge.• As Ihe Iinteracts Iin Ithe Ienvironment, Ihe Iacquires Iknowledge Ithat Imust Ibe Iprocessed. IThis Iprocessing Ieffort Icauses Ihim Ito Iredefine Iand Irestructure Ihis Iknowledge Ibase Iand Igenerate Inew Iknowledge. ITom Ican Ithen Ishare I(disseminate) Ithis Inew Iknowledge Iwith Icolleagues, Iand Ihe Imay Ireceive Ifeedback Ion Ithe Iknowledge Ithat Ihe Ishares.• Nurses Iare Iknowledge Iworkers, Iworking Iwith Iinformation Iand Igenerating Iinformation Iand Iknowledge Ias Ia Iproduct. IThey Iare Iknowledge Iacquirers, Iproviding Iconvenient Iand Iefficient Imeans Iof Icapturing Iand Istoring Iknowledge.IThey Iare Iknowledge Iusers, Imeaning Iindividuals Ior Igroups Iwho Ibenefit Ifrom Ivaluable, Iviable Iknowledge. INurses Iare Iknowledge Iengineers, Idesigning,

developing, Iimplementing, Iand Imaintaining Iknowledge. IThey Iare Iknowledge Imanagers, Icapturing Iand Iprocessing Icollective Iexpertise Iand Idistributing Iit Iwhere Iit Ican Icreate Ithe Ilargest Ibenefit. IFinally, Ithey Iare Iknowledge Idevelopers Iand Igenerators, Ichanging Iand Ievolving Iknowledge Ibased Ion Ithe Itasks Iat Ihand Iand Ithe Iinformation Iavailable.

• Knowledge Iwork Iincludes Isuch Iduties Ias Iinterpreting Itrends Iin Ilaboratories

Iand Isymptoms. INonknowledge Iwork Iincludes Isuch Itasks Ias Icalling Ithe Ilaboratory Ito Icheck Ion Ilaboratory Iresults Ior Imaking Ibeds.• Knowledge Iviability Irefers Ito Iapplications Ithat Ioffer Ieasily Iaccessible, Iaccurate, Iand Itimely Iinformation Iobtained Ifrom Ia Ivariety Iof Iresources Iand Imethods Iand Ipresented Iin Ia Imanner Iso Ias Ito Iprovide Ithe Inecessary Ielements Ito Igenerate Iknowledge.• Three Isources Iof Iknowledge Ihave Ibeen Iidentified: I(1) Iinstinct, I(2) Ireason, Iand I(3) Iintuition. IInstinct Iis Iwhen Ione Ireacts Iwithout Ireason, Isuch Ias Iwhen Ia Icar Iis Iheading Itoward Ia Ipedestrian Iand Ihe Ijumps Iout Iof Ithe Iway Iwithout Ithinking.IInstinct Iis Ifound Iin Iboth Ihumans Iand Ianimals, Iwhereas Ireason Iand Iintuition Iare Ifound Ionly Iin Ihumans. IReason I“[c]ollects Ifacts, Igeneralizes, Ireasons Iout Ifrom Icause Ito Ieffect, Ifrom Ieffect Ito Icause, Ifrom Ipremises Ito Iconclusions, Ifrom Ipropositions Ito Iproofs” I(Sivananda, I2004, Ipara. I4). IIntuition Iis Ia Iway Iof Iacquiring Iknowledge Ithat Icannot Ibe Iobtained Iby Iinference, Ideduction, Iobservation, Ireason, Ianalysis, Ior Iexperience.• Wisdom • Wisdom Iis Ithe Iapplication Iof Iknowledge Ito Ian Iappropriate Isituation.• Wisdom Iuses Iknowledge Iand Iexperience Ito Iheighten Icommon Isense Iand Iinsight Ito Iexercise Isound Ijudgment Iin Ipractical Imatters. IIt Iis Ideveloped Ithrough Iknowledge, Iexperience, Iinsight, Iand Ireflection.• Wisdom Iis Isometimes Ithought Iof Ias Ithe Ihighest Iform Iof Icommon Isense, Iresulting Ifrom Iaccumulated Iknowledge Ior Ierudition I(deep, Ithorough Ilearning) Ior Ienlightenment I(education Ithat Iresults Iin Iunderstanding Iand Ithe Idissemination Iof Iknowledge). IIt Iis Ithe Iability Ito Iapply Ivaluable Iand Iviable Iknowledge, Iexperience, Iunderstanding, Iand Iinsight Iwhile Ibeing Iprudent Iand Isensible.• Knowledge Iabounds Iwith Iothers’ Ithoughts Iand Iinformation, Iwhereas Iwisdom Iis Ifocused Ion Ione’s Iown Imind Iand Ithe Isynthesis Iof Iexperience, Iinsight, Iunderstanding, Iand Iknowledge. IWisdom Ihas Ibeen Icalled Ithe Ifoundation Iof Ithe Iart Iof Inursing.• The Iability Ito Iapply Ivaluable Iand Iviable Iknowledge, Iexperience, Iunderstanding, Iand Iinsight Iwhile Ibeing Iprudent Iand Isensible • Scientific IUnderpinning

• IBasis Iof Iknowledge

• The IFoundation Iof IKnowledge IModel • Model Iproposing Ithat Ihumans Iare Iorganic Iinformation Isystems Iconstantly Iacquiring, Iprocessing, Igenerating, Iand Idisseminating Iinformation Ior Iknowledge Iin Iboth Itheir Iprofessional Iand Ipersonal Ilives. IThe Iorganizing Iframework Iof Ithis Itext.• The Iapplication Iof Ithe Imodel Iis Idescribed Ito Ihelp Ithe Ireader Iunderstand Iand Iappreciate Ithe Ifoundation Iof Iknowledge Iin Inursing Iscience Iand Isee Ihow Iit Iapplies Ito Inursing Iinformatics.

• Foundation Iof IKnowledge Imodel: Iknowledge Iacquisition, Iknowledge Iprocessing, Iknowledge Igeneration, Iand Iknowledge Idissemination.• Computer Iscience • Branch Iof Iengineering I(application Iof Iscience) Ithat Istudies Ithe Itheoretical Ifoundations Iof Iinformation Iand Icomputation Iand Itheir Iimplementation Iand Iapplication Iin Icomputer Isystems. IThe Istudy Iof Istorage/memory, Iconversion Iand Itransformation, Iand Itransfer Ior Itransmission Iof Iinformation Iin Imachines— Ithat Iis, Icomputers—through Iboth Ialgorithms Iand Ipractical Iimplementation Iproblems.Algorithms Iare Idetailed, Iunambiguous Iaction Isequences Iin Ithe Idesign, Iefficiency, Iand Iapplication Iof Icomputer Isystems, Iwhereas Ipractical Iimplementation Iproblems Ideal Iwith Ithe Isoftware Iand Ihardware.• Computer Iscience Ioffers Iextremely Ivaluable Itools Ithat, Iif Iused Iskillfully, Ican Ifacilitate Ithe Iacquisition Iand Imanipulation Iof Idata Iand Iinformation Iby Inurses, Iwho Ican Ithen Isynthesize Ithese Iinto Ian Ievolving Iknowledge Iand Iwisdom Ibase. IThis Iprocess Ican Ifacilitate Iprofessional Idevelopment Iand Ithe Iability Ito Iapply Ievidence- Ibased Ipractice Idecisions Iwithin Inursing Icare, Iand Iif Ithe Iresults Iare Idisseminated Iand Ishared, Ican Ialso Iadvance Ithe Iprofessional Iknowledge Ibase.• Cognitive Iscience • Interdisciplinary Ifield Ithat Istudies Ithe Imind, Iintelligence, Iand Ibehavior Ifrom Ian Iinformation Iprocessing Iperspective.• This Iassociation Iled Ito Ithe Iexpansion Iof Icognitive Iscience Ito Iexamine Ithe Icomplete Iarray Iof Icognitive Iprocesses, Ifrom Ilower-level Iperceptions Ito Ihigher- Ilevel Icritical Ithinking, Ilogical Ianalysis, Iand Ireasoning.• Simply Iput, Icognitive Iscience Iis Ithe Istudy Iof Ithe Imind Iand Ihow Iinformation Iis Iprocessed Iin Ithe Imind.• Connectionism Iis Ia Icomponent Iof Icognitive Iscience Ithat Iuses Icomputer Imodeling Ithrough Iartificial Ineural Inetworks Ito Iexplain Ihuman Iintellectual Iabilities.Neural Inetworks Ican Ibe Ithought Iof Ias Iinterconnected Isimple Iprocessing Idevices Ior Isimplified Imodels Iof Ithe Ibrain Iand Inervous Isystem Ithat Iconsist Iof Ia Iconsiderable Inumber Iof Ielements Ior Iunits I(analogs Iof Ineurons) Ilinked Itogether Iin Ia Ipattern Iof Iconnections I(analogs Iof Isynapses).• Information Iscience • Information Iscience Iis Iprimarily Iconcerned Iwith Ithe Iinput, Iprocessing, Ioutput, Iand Ifeedback Iof Idata Iand Iinformation Ithrough Itechnology Iintegration Iwith Ia Ifocus Ion Icomprehending Ithe Iperspective Iof Ithe Istakeholders Iinvolved Iand Ithen Iapplying IIT Ias Ineeded.• According Ito ICornell IUniversity I(2010), I“Information IScience Ibrings Itogether Ifaculty, Istudents Iand Iresearchers Iwho Ishare Ian Iinterest Iin Icombining Icomputer Iscience Iwith Ithe Isocial Isciences Iof Ihow Ipeople Iand Isociety Iinteract Iwith Iinformation” • Information Iscience Iis Ian Iinterdisciplinary, Ipeople-oriented Ifield Ithat Iexplores Iand Ienhances Ithe Iinterchange Iof Iinformation Ito Itransform Isociety, Icommunication Iscience, Icomputer Iscience, Icognitive Iscience, Ilibrary Iscience, Iand Ithe Isocial Isciences.• The Iscience Iof Iinformation, Istudying Ithe Iapplication Iand Iusage Iof Iinformation Iand Iknowledge Iin Iorganizations Iand Ithe Iinterfacings Ior Iinteraction Ibetween Ipeople,