NURS 231 PORTAGE LEARNING

NURS 231 PORTAGE LEARNING

Pathophysiology Module 1Latest Review Exam

Q & A

2024

• Which of the following statements best describes the concept of

homeostasis?

• Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal

environment despite external changes.

• Homeostasis is the process by which damaged cells are repaired and

replaced.

• Homeostasis involves the body's response to a foreign invader, such as

a virus or bacteria.

• Homeostasis is the body's ability to respond to stress and adapt to new

environments.

Answer: A. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable

internal environment despite external changes. This is essential for normal cellular function and overall health.

• Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

• The movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an

area of higher concentration.

• The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an

area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

• The transport of large molecules into a cell using energy.
• The breakdown of food molecules to release energy for cellular

functions.

Answer: B. The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane

from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.Osmosis is essential for maintaining proper hydration levels in cells.

• Which of the following is true regarding passive transport?

• Passive transport requires the use of energy to move molecules across a

cell membrane.

• Passive transport moves molecules from an area of higher

concentration to an area of lower concentration.

• Passive transport is a faster process than active transport.

• Passive transport is only used for transporting small molecules.

Answer: B. Passive transport moves molecules from an area of higher

concentration to an area of lower concentration. This process does not require energy expenditure by the cell.

• Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in

cells?

• Mitochondria are responsible for storing genetic information in the

form of DNA.

• Mitochondria are involved in protein synthesis within the cell.
• Mitochondria are the main site of energy production through aerobic

respiration.

• Mitochondria regulate the transport of molecules into and out of the

cell.

Answer: C. Mitochondria are the main site of energy production through

aerobic respiration. They produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell.

• Which of the following best describes the role of lysosomes in cellular

function?

• Lysosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell.
• Lysosomes store nutrients and energy for the cell.
• Lysosomes break down and recycle cellular waste and debris.
• Lysosomes regulate the movement of ions into and out of the cell.

Answer: C. Lysosomes break down and recycle cellular waste and debris.

They are the "garbage disposal" of the cell and help maintain cellular homeostasis.

• Which of the following best describes the function of the endoplasmic

reticulum in cells?

• The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the production of lipids and

steroids in the cell.

• The endoplasmic reticulum stores genetic information in the form of

DNA.

• The endoplasmic reticulum transport proteins within the cell.
• The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

for energy production.

Answer: A. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the production of

lipids and steroids in the cell. It is also involved in protein synthesis and transport.

• Which of the following best describes the process of apoptosis?

• Apoptosis is a process by which damaged cells are repaired and

replaced.

• Apoptosis is the uncontrolled division of cells that can lead to cancer.
• Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs in response to cellular

stress or damage.

• Apoptosis is the process by which cells regenerate and renew

themselves.

Answer: C. Apoptosis is programmed cell death that occurs in response to

cellular stress or damage. This process is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and removing damaged or unwanted cells.

• Which of the following best describes the concept of cellular

differentiation?

• Cellular differentiation refers to the process by which cells become

more specialized in structure and function.

• Cellular differentiation is the process of dividing a cell into two

daughter cells.

• Cellular differentiation is the breakdown of larger molecules into

smaller components.

• Cellular differentiation is the process by which cells communicate with

one another.

Answer: A. Cellular differentiation refers to the process by which cells

become more specialized in structure and function. This allows cells to