NYSTCE English Language Arts Test

NYSTCE English Language Arts (003) Test 100% Correct

Epic poems - a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, adventures

Epistolary Poetry - written and read as letters

Ballads - songlike poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure, romance, death and religion

Elegies - poems of loss that express both praise for the dead and an element of consolation

Odes - Poems that express strong emotions about life, evolved from songs

Epigrams/ limericks - Known for humor and wit

Sonnet - a poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, in English typically having ten syllables per line.

novel of manners - a novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular social group

Sentimental love novels - originated in romanticism

epistolary novel - a novel in letter form written by one or more of the characters

Bildungsroman Novel - German coming of age stories. Youth's struggles with identity and life's meaning (Catcher in theRye, Lord of the Flies)

Roman a' clef - Require real life frame of reference for full understanding (key). Disguises truth too dangerous for author to state directly (Animal Farm, Nun's Priest Tale: Canterbury Tales)

Realism - Addresses ethical issues

Satire - the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. (Alexander Pope's "Rape of Lock," John Swift's "A Modest Proposal"

Used to depict lower-class characters speech in dramas - Colloquial Prose

Used to depict upper-class characters speech in dramas - Stylized verse

Example of a play within a play - Hamlet

Shakespeare borrowed themes and characters from which author - Christopher Marlowe (Merchant of Venice- Jew of Malta)

Comedy - light and humorous drama with a happy ending

• types of dramatic comedy - Farce, romantic comedy, satirical comedy

Farce - A comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose. Highly improbable events

romantic comedy - a type of comedy whose likable and sensible main characters are placed in difficulties from which they are rescued at the end of the play, either attaining their ends or having their good fortunes restored. (Much Ado About Nothing- Shakespeare)

Satirical Comedy and Black Comedy - generally mock and lampoon human foolishness and vices; make main characters either fool, morally corrupt, cynical in attitude. characters display foible- cuckolded spouses, dupes, other gullible types. Examples Volpone-Ben Jonson, The Birds- Aristophanes,

When extended to extremes it is black comedy, comedic occurrences are grotesque or terrible

Tradgedy - A serious drama in which the hero is brought to defeat by a character flaw/personal action

Aristotle's criteria for tragedy in drama - 1. Anagnorisis - tragic insight or recognition

• Hamartia - tragic flaw or tragic error
• Hubris - pride, violent transgression, arrogant overstepping of moral bounds
• Nemesis - "retribution" represents cosmic punishment or payback
• peripeteia - "turning" plot reversal from safe to endangered

Anagnorisis - Recognition of truth about one's self and his actions; moment of clarity

Hamartia - a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine

Hubris - excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy

Nemesis - Punishment or payback the tragic hero recieves

Peripeteia - reversal of fortune "turning"

Hegel's theory of tragedy - dynamic conflict of opposite forces or rights

revenge tragedy - Wrongdoer has not been punished (Titus Andronicus, Hamlet)

Hamlet's tragic flaw - Hamlet's failure to act and his indecisiveness. "To be or not to be"

Topic - Subject of the text

Main idea - The most important point being made by the author

denotative meaning - the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase

connotative meaning - the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase

Syntax - The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Allusion - A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

comic relief - A humorous scene or speech intended to lighten the mood

theme in Les Miserables - Importance of love and compassion for others

The Odyssey - Epic poem

The Divine Comedy - Epic poem

Charles Dickens - 19th-century British novelist and short-story writer

he Decameron - is a series of novellas within a frame tale (like Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, which it influenced) rather than an epic poem, written by Giovanni Bocaccio in Florentine Italian (1353).

Placing literature in historical context, which of the following statements is true? - William Shakespeare published Hamlet before the first American colony was made

Which of these American literary classics reflects the Civil War in its setting? - Little Women by Louisa May Alcott

Which poetic form is characterized by three lines in free verse, always totaling 17 syllables, with each line frequently having five, seven, and five syllables respectively, and concisely but vividly conveying the experience of an image, scene, and/or moment? - Haiku

Within the genre of poetry, poems in which form are the shortest and easiest to remember?

• Epigram

Medival time period - Influenced by Greek and Latin philosophies

John Donne - Founder of the metaphysical poets

metaphysical poetry - The work of poets, particularly those of the seventeenth century, that uses elaborate conceits, is highly intellectual, and expresses the complexities of love and life. Alluded to classical mythology/ nature imagery.

Neo-Platonism influences - lover's beauty reflected eternity's beauty

Romanticism gained momentum/ identified from what? - French Revolution (1789) against the political and social standards of the aristocracy and overthrowing them.

Edgar Allan Poe is what kind of author? - Romantic

• major romantic poets - William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge,

Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats

John Keats is known for: - His 6 Odes

carpe diem poetry - poetry that stresses the brevity of life and living life to its fullest

Couplet - Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme

Couplets function as - the answer to a question asked earlier in the poem, the solution to problem/riddle, establish mood, clarity, theme

Enjambment - A run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next.

anecdote - Brief story authors may relate, which can illustrate their points in a more real and relatable way

Aphorisms - State common beliefs and may rhyme

Example of an aphorism - "Early to bed and early to rise/ make a man healthy, wealthy, and wise" -Benjamin Franklin

In John Steinbeck's "Of Mice and Men," George's last name is Milton, which is what rhetorical device? - Allusion, referring to John Milton

Paradox - a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true

Oxymoron - conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence')

bitter-sweet Living dead - Examples of oxymorons