POLI 330 EXAM PREP - A state is a political entity that has a define...

POLI 330 EXAM PREP

VERIFIED

Political Science

COMPLETED

2023/2024

• What is the difference between a state and a nation? Give an example of each.

A state is a political entity that has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. A nation is a group of people who share a common identity, culture, history, or language. An example of a state is Kenya, and an example of a nation is the Maasai people.

• What are the three branches of government in a presidential system? What are their main functions?

The three branches of government in a presidential system are the executive, the legislative, and the judicial branch. The executive branch is headed by the president, who is elected by the people and has the power to enforce laws, appoint officials, veto bills, and conduct foreign policy. The legislative branch is composed of two chambers, usually called the Senate and the House of Representatives, which have the power to make laws, declare war, approve treaties, and oversee the executive branch. The judicial branch consists of courts at different levels, which have the power to interpret laws, resolve disputes, and protect the rights and liberties of citizens.

• What are the main types of electoral systems? How do they affect political representation and accountability?

The main types of electoral systems are plurality/majority systems, proportional representation systems, and mixed systems. Plurality/majority systems are based on single-member districts, where the candidate with the most votes wins the seat. Proportional representation systems are based on multi-member districts, where seats are allocated according to the percentage of votes each party or candidate receives. Mixed systems combine elements of both systems, such as having some seats elected by plurality/majority and some by proportional representation. Electoral systems affect political representation and accountability by influencing the number and diversity of parties, the degree of competition and cooperation among them, the responsiveness of politicians to voters’ preferences, and the stability and legitimacy of governments.

• What are the main features of democracy? What are some of its advantages and disadvantages?

Democracy is a form of government where political power is exercised by the people, either directly or through elected representatives. Some of the main features of democracy are free and fair elections, universal suffrage, civil rights and liberties, rule of law, separation of powers, checks and balances, and public participation. Some of the advantages of democracy are that it promotes human dignity and equality, protects minority rights and interests, fosters civic education and engagement, encourages peaceful conflict resolution, and enhances accountability and responsiveness. Some of the disadvantages of democracy are that it can be inefficient and slow in decision-making, susceptible to manipulation and corruption by elites or interest groups, prone to polarization and instability in divided societies, and vulnerable to external interference or influence.

One of the recommendations of the Great Compromise was .a bicameral legislature Under the New Deal, more control went to to end the depression.the federal government Which of the following describes the common standard for Supreme Court justices? All have law degrees.The Constitution has much language that is vague and often hard to interpret for exact meaning.How have the problems created by such language been solved?Through the practice of judicial interpretation in state and federal courts Since 1975, Americans' confidence in the Congress, the presidency, business, and industry .declined Which department responsible for national security sits closest to the president inthe hierarchical bureaucracy?The Department of Defense The function of political ideology that provides standards with which to judge social conditions, political institutions, and events is .evaluation The Pentagon Papers dealt with .a documented history of United States involvement in the Vietnam War that the government wanted kept secret The has direct control over the appointment of thousands of federal jobs.president

President Obama's approval of California's limits on greenhouse gasses that were stricter than the EPA's national limits is an example of .progressive federalism In a winner-take-all primary the candidate who gets the most votes in a state secures all of that state's .delegates What is the budgetary process sometimes called?Appropriations Which of the descriptions below best characterizes the most significant concern over judicial activism?That the justices can use their personal preferences to set policy What is the central function of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission? It is to investigate complaints and enforce rules about workplace discrimination Congress's so-called "implied powers" are directly derived from .enumerated powers In 1944, the Supreme Court declared race a suspect classification that demanded strict judicial scrutiny. How did this rule affect Korematsu v. U.S., which challenged the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II?The internments were ruled permissible because of the threat these nationals posed during wartime.

According to critics of pluralism, which of the following is most likely to take advantage of the American political system?A wide range of diverse and competing interest groups When the Supreme Court upheld a state law requiring police officers to retire at a certain age, it meant that .the Supreme Court was placing age in the non-suspect classification category which political institution was most responsible for putting civil rights goals on the nation's policy agenda?The courts Which president ordered a blockade of southern ports without congressional approval? Abraham Lincoln Political knowledge and political participation have a reciprocal effect on each other because .the two elements reinforce each other Which of the following lists best describes the working conditions in the Senate?More prestige, minority party plays a larger role, leaders have only a few formal powers, nonhierarchical, members may serve on two or more major committees During his first term, Barack Obama subscribed to a system of , in which policy matters are decided at the federal level when a consensus on federal standards can be reached, and otherwise deferred to the states.progressive federalism Representatives from nine of the thirteen colonies met in New York City to write a detailed list of violations by the crown. This 1765 meeting is known as the .Stamp Act Congress If a township mayor and the state governor worked with a national government agency to solve a problem with large implications, such as a failing energy grid, it could be said that the problem is being solved through .cooperative federalism According to the Constitution, what is the main purpose of a vice president? to succeed the president in case of death or incapacitation Sandra Day O'Connor was a Supreme Court justice appointed by President Reagan who believed in .state's rights Local governments do not have powers under the Constitution. They are governed by state governments as detailed in .Dillon's Rule What is the contribution limit to a candidate per election under BCRA? 2,500 the political opinions of women and men are most likely to be very divergent on . social issues In order to be legal, a search warrant must specify .The area to be searched and what police are searching for the constitution was ratified by each state