TESTBANKFORFOUNDATIONSFOR

lOMoARcPSD|12827373

TESTBANKFORFOUNDATIONSFOR

POPULATIONHEALTHINCOMMUNITY

PUBLICHEALTHNURSING6THEDITION

BYSTANHOPE.

TESTBANK

TESTBANKFORFOUNDATIONSFOR

POPULATION HEALTHIN

COMMUNITY/PUBLICHEALTHNURSING6TH

EDITIONBYSTANHOPE

TestBankforFoundationsfor PopulationHealthinCommunity PublicHealthNursing6thEditionby Stanhope

lOMoARcPSD|12827373 www.stuvia.com1

Chapter01:PublicHealthNursingandPopulationHealth

Stanhope:FoundationsforPopulationHealthinCommunity/PublicHealthNursing,6thEdition

MULTIPLECHOICE

1.Whichstatementbestdescribescommunity-basednursing?a.Apracticeinwhichcareisprovidedforindividualsandfamilies.b.Providingcarewithafocusonthegroup’sneeds.c.Givingcarewithafocusontheaggregate’sneeds.d.Avaluesysteminwhichallclientsreceiveoptimalcare.

ANS:A

Bydefinition,community-basednursingisasetting-specificpracticeinwhichcareisprovidedfor“sick”individualsandfamilies wheretheylive,work,andattendschool.Theemphasisisonacuteandchroniccareandtheprovisionofcomprehensive, coordinated,andcontinuouscare.Thesenursesmaybegeneralistsorspecialistsinmaternal–infant,pediatric,adult,orpsychiatric mentalhealthnursing.Community-basednursingemphasizesacuteandchroniccaretoindividualsandfamilies,ratherthan focusingongroups,aggregates,orsystems.

2.Whichstatementbestdescribesthegoalofcommunity-orientednursing?a.Providingcaretoindividualsandfamilies b.Providingcaretomanageacuteorchronicconditions c.Givingdirectcaretoillindividualswithintheirfamilysetting d.Topreserve,protect,promote,ormaintainhealthandpreventdisease

ANS:D

Bydefinition,community-orientednursinghasthegoalofpreserving,protecting,ormaintaininghealthandpreventingdiseaseto promotethequalityoflife.Allnursesmayfocusonindividualsandfamilies,givedirectcaretoillpersonswithintheirfamily setting,andhelpmanageacuteorchronicconditions.Thesedefinitionsarenotspecifictocommunity-orientednursing.

3.Whichofthefollowingistheprimaryfocusofpublichealthnursing?a.Familiesandgroups b.Illness-orientedcare c.Individualswithinthefamilyunit d.Healthcareofcommunitiesandpopulations

ANS:D

Inpublichealthnursing,theprimaryfocusisonthehealthcareofcommunitiesandpopulationsratherthanonindividuals,groups, andfamilies.Thegoalistopreventdiseaseandpreserve,promote,restore,andprotecthealthforthecommunityandthepopulation withinit.Community-basednursesdealprimarilywithillness-orientedcareofindividualsandfamiliesacrossthelifespan.The aimistomanageacuteandchronichealthconditionsinthecommunity,andthefocusofpracticeisonindividualor family-centeredillnesscare.

4.Whichofthefollowingisresponsibleforthedramaticincreaseinlifeexpectancyduringthe20thcentury?a.Technologyincreasesinthefieldofmedicallaboratoryresearch b.Advancesinsurgicaltechniquesandprocedures c.Sanitationandotherpopulation-basedpreventionprograms d.Useofantibioticstofightinfections

ANS:C

Therehastobeindisputableevidencecollectedovertimethatpublichealthpoliciesandprogramswereprimarilyresponsiblefor increasingtheaveragelifespanfrom47in1900to78.6yearsin2017,anincreaseofapproximately60%injustoveracenturyplus throughimprovementsin(1)sanitation,(2)cleanwatersupplies,(3)makingworkplacessafer,(4)improvingfoodanddrugsafety, (5)immunizingchildren,and(6)improvingnutrition,hygiene,andhousing.Althoughpeopleareexcitedwhenanewdrugis discoveredthatcuresadiseaseorwhenanewwaytotransplantorgansisperfected,itisimportanttoknowaboutthesignificant gainsinthehealthofpopulationsthathavecomelargelyfrompublichealthaccomplishments.

5.Anurseisdevelopingaplantodecreasethenumberofprematuredeathsinthecommunity.Whichofthefollowinginterventions wouldmostlikelybeimplementedbythenurse?a.Providefreehealthcaretoallcitizens b.Toincreasethenumberofindividualswithaccesstoeffectivehealthcarebenefits c.LowerthecostofhealthcaretotheAmericanpopulation d.TolessenthegovernmentalburdenofprovidinghealthcaretoAmericans

ANS:B

ThecentralfeatureinthePatientProtectionandAffordableCareAct(ACA)of2010arethemechanismstoincreasethenumberof peoplewithhealthinsurance.Thecareprovidedisnotnecessarilyfree.Whilethecostofhealthcareandtheburdenitplacesonthe Americangovernmentareseriousconcerns,theyarenottheprimaryfocusofACA.

lOMoARcPSD|12827373 www.stuvia.com2 6.WhatisthebasicassumptionstatedbyHealthyPeople2010asitrelatestopublichealthefforts?a.Healthdisparitiesamonganygroupsaremorallyandlegallywrong.b.Healthcareisthemostimportantpriorityingovernmentplanningandfunding.c.Thehealthofindividualscannotbeseparatedfromthehealthofthecommunity.d.ThegovernmentisresponsibleforlengtheningthelifespanofAmericans.

ANS:C

ThemajorpremiseofHealthyPeople2010wasthatthehealthoftheindividualcannotbeentirelyseparatefromthehealthofthe largercommunity.Publichealthpracticefocusesonthecommunityasawhole,andtheeffectofthecommunity’shealthstatus (resources)onthehealthofindividuals,families,andgroups.Thegoalistopreventdiseaseanddisabilityandpromoteandprotect thehealthofthecommunityasawhole.Publichealthcanbedescribedaswhatsocietycollectivelydoestoensurethatconditions existinwhichpeoplecanbehealthy.Thebasicassumptionsofpublichealthdonotjudgethemoralityofhealthdisparities.The focusisonpreventionofillnessnotonspendingmoreonillnesscare.Additionally,individualresponsibilityformakinghealthy choicesisthedirectiveforlengtheninglifespannottheroleofthegovernment.

7.Whichofthefollowingactionswouldmostlikelybeperformedbyapublichealthnurse?a.Askingcommunityleaderswhatinterventionsshouldbechosen b.Assessingthecommunityanddecidingonappropriateinterventions c.Usingdatafromthemainhealthcareinstitutionsinthecommunitytodetermine neededhealthservices d.Workingwithcommunitygroupstocreatepoliciestoimprovetheenvironment

ANS:D

Althoughthepublichealthnursemightengageinanyofthetaskslisted,heorsheworksprimarilywithmembersofthecommunity tocarryoutcorepublichealthfunctions,includingassessmentofthepopulationasawholeandengaginginpromotinghealthand improvingtheenvironment.Theinterventionsofaskingcommunityleaderswhichinterventionsshouldbechosen,assessingthe communityanddecidingonappropriateinterventions,andusingdatafromhealthcareinstitutionsdonotdemonstratethe engagementofthecommunitywhenmakingdecisionsaboutwhatthecommunityactuallywantsandneeds.

8.Whichpublichealthnursemostclearlyfulfillstheresponsibilitiesofthisrole?a.Thenursewhometwithseveralgroupstodiscusscommunityrecreationissues b.Thenursewhospentthedayattendingmeetingsofvarioushealthagencies c.Thenursewhotalkedtoseveralpeopleabouttheirparticularhealthconcerns d.Thenursewhowatchedthecitycouncilmeetingonlocalcabletelevision

ANS:B

Anyofthesedescriptionsmightrepresentanursecommunicating,cooperating,orcollaboratingwithcommunityresidentsor groupsabouthealthconcerns.Amajorchallengeforthefutureistheneedforpublichealthnursingspecialiststobemore aggressiveinworkingcollaborativelywithvariousgroupsinthecommunityaswellasprofessionalcolleaguesininstitutional settingstodealwithbarrierstohealth.However,thenursewhospentthedayattendingmeetingsofvarioushealthagenciesisthe mostrepresentative,becauseinpublichealth,concernsareaddressedfromabroaderperspective.Inpublichealth,broadconcerns ofthecommunityshouldbeaddressed.Concernsarebroaderthanrecreation,individualconcernsarenotasimportantasaggregate priorities,andwatchingtelevision(aone-wayformofcommunication)islesseffectivethaninteractingwithothers.

9.Whichquestionaskedbyanovicenursewouldbethemostreflectiveofanunderstandingoftheroleofapublichealthnurse?a.“Whichgroupsareatthegreatestriskforproblems?” b.“WhichpatientsshouldIseefirstasIbeginmyday?” c.“WithwhichphysicianswillIbemostcloselycollaborating?” d.“WithwhichnursingassistantswillIpartnerthemost?”

ANS:A

Askingwhichgroupsareatgreatestriskreflectsacommunity-orientedperspective.Theincorrectresponsesreflectafocuson individualsratherthanacommunity-orientedperspective.

10.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinesaggregate?a.Alargegroupofpersons b.Acollectionofindividualsandfamilies c.Acollectionofpeoplewhoshareoneormorecharacteristics d.Anothernamefordemographicgroup

ANS:C

Anaggregateisdefinedacollectionofpeoplewhoshareoneormorepersonalorenvironmentalcharacteristics.Membersofa communitycanbedefinedintermsofeithergeography(e.g.,acounty,agroupofcounties,orastate)oraspecialinterest(e.g., childrenattendingaparticularschool).Thesemembersmakeupapopulation.Thetermpopulationmaybeusedinterchangeably withthetermaggregate.Alargegroupofpersons,acollectionofindividualsandfamilies,andanothernamefordemographic grouparenotaccuratedefinitionsofthetermaggregate.

11.Makingsurethatessentialcommunity-orientedhealthservicesareavailabledefineswhichofthecorepublichealthfunctions?a.Policydevelopment b.Assessment c.Assurance d.Scientificknowledge-basedcare

ANS:C

Assuranceincludesmakingsurethatessentialcommunity-orientedhealthservicesareavailableinthecommunity.Thedefinition doesnotfitthetermsassessment,policydevelopment.Scientificknowledge-basedcareisnotacorefunctionofpublichealth.Assessmentissystematicdatacollectiononthepopulation,monitoringthepopulation’shealthstatus,andmakinginformation availableaboutthehealthofthecommunity.Policydevelopmentreferstoeffortstodeveloppoliciesthatsupportthehealthofthe population,includingusingascientificknowledgebasetomakepolicydecisions.