THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN

TEST BANK

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN

8th Edition Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether

TESTBANK A+ GUIDE 2

Contents Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ......................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents ................................................... 20 Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ...................................... 34 Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases ................................................................................................... 48 Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases .......................................................... 61 Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease .......................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing ............................................................. 75 Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity ................................................................................................................. 92 Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation .......................................................................... 106 Chapter 10: Infection ................................................................................................................................ 120 Chapter 11: Stress and Disease ................................................................................................................ 131 Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ...................................................................................................................... 138 Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................ 154 Chapter 14: Cancer in Children ................................................................................................................. 160 Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System ............................................................... 165 Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function .............................................. 177 Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function............... 195 Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction .................................................................................................................................................... 211 Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders ........................... 223 Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children .................................................................... 230 Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .................................................................................. 238 Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ..................................................................................... 248 Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition ....................................................................................... 261 Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems .......................................................... 267 Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System .................................................................. 278 Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ...................................................................... 289 Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections ............................................................................................ 295 Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System ............................................................. 304 Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function ......................................... 315

TESTBANK A+ GUIDE 3

Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ................................................................ 328 Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children ................................................................. 337 Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ............................... 350 Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function................................................................................. 365 Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children .............................................................. 381 Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System ................................................................ 390 Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function ....................................................................................... 402 Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children .................................................................... 421 Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems ................................................. 430 Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function .................................................................. 442 Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ................................................ 454 Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System .................................................................. 463 Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function.......................................................................................... 477 Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children ....................................................................... 489 Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System ....................................................... 500 Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function .............................................................................. 514 Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ............................................................ 529 Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument ........................................................ 539 Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................................ 553 Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults ................................... 563 Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children ................................ 572

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

• Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
• Cells can produce proteins.
• Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
• Cells can take in and use nutrients.
• Cells can synthesize fats.

ANS: C

In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

• Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained? a.

Mitochondria

• Ribosome
• Nucleolus
• Lysosome

ANS: C

The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as the intracellular digestive system.

PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering

• Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove

hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction? a. Lysosomes

• Peroxisomes
• Ribosomes
• Endosome