The Human Body in Health and Disease Patton Thibodeau edition 7 chapter 14 The Heart With Correct Answers

The Human Body in Health and Disease Patton Thibodeau edition 7 chapter 14 The Heart With Correct Answers

apex of the heart - ans - blunt point of the lower edge of the heart it lies on the diaphragm pointing toward the left

Apical heart beat is heard at: - ans - At the apex, 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - ans - emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compression's and artificial ventilation

the heart chambers are - ans - Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle

Atria - ans - 2 upper chambers of the heart also known as the receiving chambers because blood enters the heart through the veins that open into these upper cavities

Ventricles - ans - 2 lower chambers of the heart eventually blood is pumped from the heart into arteries that exit from the ventricles the ventricles are therefore sometimes referred to as the discharging chambers

Myocardium - ans - muscular, middle layer of the heart

endocardium - ans - inner lining of the heart

endocarditis - ans - inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

interatrial septum - ans - the partition between the right and left atria

Pericardium - ans - Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

visceral pericardium (epicardium) - ans - the inner layer that covers the heart

parietal pericardium - ans - the outer layer that covers the heart consists of 2 layers of fibrous tissue with a small space in between them

pericarditis - ans - inflammation of the pericardium

pericardial effusion - ans - a collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

cardiac tamponade - ans - acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

systole - ans - Contraction of the heart

distole - ans - Relaxation of the heart

Atrioventricular (AV valves) - ans - tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves

Tricuspid valve - ans - valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Bicuspid valve (mitral valve) - ans - valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Semilunar valves (SL valves) - ans - pulmonary and aortic valves

Pulmonary semilunar valve - ans - located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Aortic semilunar valve - ans - located between the left ventricle and the aorta

Incompetent valves - ans - a leak allowing some blood to flow back into the chamber from which it came

Stenosed valves - ans - valves that are narrower than normal, slowing blood flow from a heart chamber

rheumatic heart disease (RHD) - ans - cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to streptococcal infection that occurs most often in children

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) - ans - a condition affecting the left AV valve mitral valve has a genetic basis in some cases can result from rheumatic fever or other factors

Lub heart sound s1 - ans - closing of both AV valves during ventricular systole

Dub heart sound s2 - ans - closing of both semilunar valves during ventricular diastole

Heart murmurs - ans - an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves

superior vena cava - ans - A vein that is the second largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body.

inferior vena cava - ans - A vein that is the largest vein in the human body and returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from bodily parts below the diaphragm.

pulmonary artery - ans - artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

pulmonary veins - ans - a vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

aorta - ans - The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

pulmonary circulation - ans - the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium

systemic circulation - ans - the flow of blood from the left ventricle through the body and back to the right atrium

coronary circulation - ans - The delivery of oxygen and nutrient-rich arterial blood to cardiac muscle tissue and the return of oxygen-poor blood from this active tissue to the venous system.

right coronary artery - ans - supplies blood to right atrium, portions of both ventricles and cells of AV nodes and SA node.

left coronary artery - ans - supplies blood to the left ventricle left atrium and interventricular septum

myocardial infarction (MI) - ans - heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea

Atherosclerosis - ans - hardening of the arteries

angina pectoris (chest pain) - ans - used to describe severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen

coronary bipass surgery - ans - is a procedure that restores blood flow to your heart muscle by diverting the flow of blood around a section of a blocked artery in your heart

Coronary angioplasty (stent) - ans - a less invasive procedure is often attempted first to treat blockages of coronary blood flow balloon used with catheter , stent coiled spring

cardiac veins - ans - collects deoxygenated blood from heart muscle tissue empty into right atrium

coronary sinus - ans - enlarged vessel on the posterior aspect of the heart that empties blood into the right atrium

cardiac cycle - ans - A complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of both atria and both ventricles

Conduction system of the heart - ans - Sinatrial node (SA node), atrioventricular node (AV node) AV Bundle (Bundle of His), Subendocardial Branches (Purkinje fibers)

sinatrial (SA) node - ans - the center of modified cardiac muscle fibers in the wall of the right atrium that acts as the pacemaker for the heart rhythm

atrioventricular (AV) node - ans - a node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to the atrioventricular bundle

AV bundle (bundle of His) - ans - fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the AV node to the ventricles

Purkinje fibers - ans - fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract

Electrocardiogram (ECG) - ans - recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle

P wave - ans - depolarization of the atria

T wave - ans - repolarization of ventricles

Cardiac dysrhythmias - ans - Any cardiac rhythm that deviates from normal sinus rhythm -Sinus tachycardia -Sinus bradycardia -Supraventricular tachycardia -Atrial fibrillation -Atrioventricular block -Premature ventricular contractions -Ventricular tachycardia -Ventricular fibrillation

heart block - ans - interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control activity of the heart muscle

artificial pacemaker - ans - an implanted electronic device that takes over the function of the natural cardiac pacemaker