WGU D236 Pathophysiology Question Bank

WGU D236 Pathophysiology Question Bank

Which types of tissue most often develop tumors? - ✔Epithelial and connective tissues

Papilloma - ✔A wart

Lipoma - ✔Begins in fatty tissue

Myoma - ✔Fibroid

Chondroma - ✔Benign tumor of cartilage cells

What are sarcomas? - ✔They are tumors that can be found anywhere and begin in connective tissue

What are the early signs of lymphoma - ✔Fevers and night sweats

What is radiation therapy - ✔When seeds are implanted into a malignant prostate and then irradiated, this is called radiation therapy. This is used to reduce damage to healthy tissue

What is a vesicle? - ✔Small fluid filled elevation of skin (e.g. blister)

What is a pustule? - ✔elevation of the skin containing white blood cells and cell debris

What is a macule? - ✔A spot that is not raised or depressed. (such as a freckle)

What is a papule? - ✔A firm raised area of the skin (such as a pimple)

What is an excoriation? - ✔scratch in the skin

Laceration - ✔Rough jagged wound

Fissure - ✔Crack in the skin

Ulcer - ✔Sore with disintegration and death of affected tissue

Superficial burn - ✔involves the epidermal layer of the skin

Superficial partial thickness burn - ✔appears with blisters and pain at the burn site

What are shingles and how are they treated - ✔Shingles are painful vesicular lesions caused by varicella. The normal treatment is antiviral medications and costicosteroids to decrease pain.

What is Tissue destruction involving only the epidermal layer of the skin - ✔superficial.

What are two signs of allergic skin reactions - ✔Pruritus (itching) and urticarial (hives)

What are three autoimmune diseases involving the skin? - ✔Pemphigus, scleroderma and lupus erythematosus are all autoimmuse diseases involving the skin.

Damage to what can disturb equilibrium? - ✔Semicircular canals in the ear

How can otitis media be prevented? - ✔By placing a myingotomy tube in the ear

What results in progressive hearing loss? - ✔Presbycusis

What can alleviate age-related hearing loss? - ✔Speaking in clear, low-pitched tones

What are treatment of joint disorders - ✔FALK (fixation of screws, arthrocentesis, laproscopic repairs, kyoplasty)

(GROS) Gout (type of arthritis) - ✔higher levels of uric acid form crystals that accumulate in the joints, causing pain and inflammation.

Septic arthritis - ✔May result from an invasive procedure; invading organisms are usually carried to the joint by the blood stream.

Osteoarthritis - ✔most often in weight-bearing joints, like hips and knees; may be the results of aging and repeated trauma.

Rheumatoid arthritis - ✔inflammation and overgrowth of synovial fluid causes severe pain; joints stiffen and become useless.

What is mysathenia gravis? - ✔chronic muscular fatigue caused by defect at the neuromuscular junction.

How is GERD treated? - ✔Antacids and using medication that decreases the production of HCL

What characterizes chronic pancreatitis - ✔Severe pain and blood test shows elevated serum amylase. Pancreatitis impacts the digestive process by leading to enzyme imbalances

How do you test for viral hepatitis - ✔Testing blood serology

What is required for blood clotting? - ✔Vitamin K

What type of reaction would arise if a RH negative patient experiences a second exposure to RH positive blood? - ✔An Antigen-antibody reaction could arise if a Rh negative patient experiences a second exposure to Rh positive blood

What are blood diseases - ✔(HALT) Hemophilia (bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a clotting factor), Aplastic anemia (bone mare failure decreased red cell production), Leukemia (increase in WBC), Thalassemia (hereditary disorders causing impaired hemglobin synthesis)

What are three recommendations for the treatment of hypertension? - ✔• Diet modification • Prescribed diuretics • Exercise on a regular basis

What does H. pylori cause? - ✔Gastrointestinal disorder called peptic ulcer

What is shock - ✔Confusion, anxiety, hypertension

What is atrophy - ✔Decrease in the size of a muscle due to disuese

Strain - ✔tearing or overstretching of a tendon or a muscle.

Sprain - ✔tearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a joint that usually follows a sharp twist.

What is muscular dystrophy - ✔Deterioration of muscles that have intact nerve function

What are strong, painful muscle contractions - ✔cramps

How do you describe shoulder joint dislocation - ✔Acuetly painful in the arm and chest area and often results in the arm being longer than the mate

What might cause abdominal pain and elevated bilirubin? - ✔Inflammation of the gallbladder

Amylase - ✔Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches

Lipase - ✔pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Trypsin - ✔an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine

Nucleases - ✔Enzymes that break down nucleic acids

How can hepatitis be diagnosed - ✔serology and serum chemistry are used for diagnosis

What are two signs of hepatitis - ✔Jaundice and loss of appetite are two signs of hepatitis

What two diseases may require blood trasnfusions - ✔Leukemia and pernicious anemia

If a mothers RH is negative and fathers RH is positive then what may result - ✔RH incompatibility

What directly impairs the delivery of oxygen to body tissues - ✔Is an effect of anemia

What inhibits coagulation of the blood - ✔Vitamin K deficiency

What are characterized by pain and swelling, warmth and redness around the site or location and is typically diagnosed by an ultrasound or MRI. - ✔Thrombosis or blood clots

What do calcium-channel blockers do? - ✔help to control hypertension by inhibiting calcium ions from entering cardiac muscle cells.

How are epidemics defined - ✔Epidemics are defined by age, gender, heredity, living conditions, social habits and preexisting illnesses.

What are treatments for frequent otitis media and chronic sore throat? - ✔Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

What are three pathological responses of the lymphatic system - ✔elephantiasis, splenomegaly, and infectious mononucleosis

What has the best survival rates for multiple myeloma - ✔Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant have the best survival rates

What do self antigens trigger - ✔autoimmune hypersensitivity triggers those

How are myocardial infarctions diagnosed? - ✔ECG readings, troponin levels, and creatine kinase levels.

Increased blood flow does what - ✔Backups up into pulmonary circulation and causes shortness of breath